气候变化大会：加大气候融资！
《联合国气候变化框架公约》第29次缔约方大会（COP29）正在阿塞拜疆首都巴库进行之中！联合国秘书长古特雷斯刚刚向出席“气候行动峰会”的各国代表表示，世界领导人必须立即采取措施减少排放，保护人民免受气候混乱的影响，并“拆除气候融资的壁垒”，以应对2024年全球所目睹的一系列气候灾难。
世界领导人气候行动峰会是第29次联合国气候变化大会的部长级会议，该峰会于日前在巴库正式开幕。古特雷斯在开幕词中指出，2024年几乎肯定会成为有记录以来最热的一年。
他警告说，你们听到时钟在滴答作响。我们正处于将全球气温上升限制在1.5摄氏度水平的最后倒计时中，而时间并不在我们这一边。
他说，与此同时，没有一个国家能够幸免”于气候灾难，从飓风到炙热的海洋、干旱摧毁的农作物，以及所有由人为气候变化加剧带来的灾难。
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秘书长讲话全文：
Excellencies and friends,
It is a pleasure to join you today and I thank Kenya for bringing us together, and for his leadership.
Africa’s desire for renewables is clear.
We see it in the text of the Nairobi Declaration.
And we see it on the ground, in the extraordinary projects developed across the continent.
You know that clean energy can power prosperity and sustainable development from Cairo to Cape Town;
That renewables can drive industrialisation, and economic growth. And that it can revolutionise lives – bringing affordable power to people for the first time.
And you know the benefits do not stop there: better health, reliable access, and lower costs all come along with clean power.
But we need action to release the full potential of African renewables.
Excellencies,
First, we need policies.
All countries must produce new, economy-wide national climate action plans – or NDCs – by next year.
These must align with limiting global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. And they must contribute to the global energy transition goals agreed at COP28.
The G20 countries are the biggest emitters with the biggest responsibilities. They must lead these efforts, and a just, global fossil fuel phase-out.
But all countries must step-up – and seize this opportunity.
New NDCs are a chance to align national energy transition strategies and sustainable development priorities with climate action – to attract needed investment.
The United Nations is here to support African countries through the Climate Promise initiative.
Second, we need finance.
Many of your countries face sky-high borrowing costs, runaway debt, and inadequate climate finance and investment.
The result: adaptation denied; your clean energy revolution held back.
Despite being home to 60 per cent of the world’s best solar resources, Africa has only around one per cent of installed solar capacity.
And around 600 million people on your continent do not have access to electricity.
The Pact for the Future contains clear, ambitious commitments on reform of the international financial architecture, and action on debt.
We must push to ensure these commitments become reality.
And we need agreement here in Baku on a new financial goal. This must provide:
A significant increase in public finance;
Clarity on mobilizing the trillions of dollars that are needed, of course, with the involvement of all actors;
Tapping of innovative sources – such as solidarity levies on shipping, aviation and fossil fuel extraction;
An accessibility, transparency and accountability framework – so you can have confidence funds will be delivered;
And a major capitalization boost and reforms of the Multilateral Development Banks to increase their lending capacity for concessional funds, and to leverage far more private finance.
Excellencies,
Third, critical minerals.
Africa is home to almost a third of the minerals critical to the renewables revolution.
These extraordinary resources could help to power prosperity across the continent.
But too often, your countries are bound to the bottom of value chains.
Too often we see a scramble for African resources, that exploits your people, tramples their rights, and ruins your nature.
We need a fundamental shift. So that you can move away from supplying raw materials and diversify your economies.
We established the United Nations Panel on Critical Energy Transition Minerals to help embed justice, fairness, sustainability and human rights across the critical minerals value chain.
We must push all parties to put its findings into action – including ensuring maximum value is produced in Africa.
Excellencies,
Meanwhile, we must address the intolerable injustice your countries face. To help protect your economies – and your people – from devastating climate impacts.
Despite minimal emissions, the climate crisis is hitting your continent hard. Pummelling your people and pounding your economies.
We urgently need developed countries to honour their commitment to double finance for adaptation to at least $40 billion a year by 2025.
And we need meaningful contributions to the new Loss and Damage Fund. And to ensure it is a destination for innovative finance.
Excellencies,
Africa can become a green energy powerhouse – driving industrialization and prosperity for your people.
So let’s work together to make that a reality.
Let’s drive this agenda through COP29, the next Africa Climate Summit, and beyond.
And let’s see Africa where it belongs: at the forefront of the renewables revolution.
Thank you.
可以避免的不公现象
古特雷斯表示，在全球经济中，供应链冲击推高了各地的成本：收成大幅下降推高了全球食品价格；被毁的房屋推高了所有保险费。
他指出，这是一个可以避免的不公现象：富人制造了问题，穷人却为此付出最高代价。他表示，创建于英国牛津的非政府组织乐施会发现，最富有的亿万富翁在一个半小时内排放的碳足迹，比普通人一生的碳足迹还要多。
他强调，除非排放量大幅下降，适应能力大幅提升，否则每个经济体都将面临更大的灾难。
有理由抱有希望
古特雷斯表示，人们仍有充分的理由保持希望。他指出，在阿联酋举办的第28次联合国气候变化大会上，各国已迈出了坚实的步伐。
在阿联酋，所有国家都已达成共识，决定逐步摆脱化石燃料，加速实现净零能源系统，并设定了实现这一目标的里程碑；推动气候适应工作；并将下一轮国家自主贡献与《巴黎协定》设定的1.5度温控目标保持一致。
古特雷斯说，现在是兑现承诺的时候了。 他强调，牛津大学和联合国开发计划署的一项民意调查发现，全球有80%的人希望采取更多气候行动。此外，科学家、活动人士和年轻人正在要求变革——他们的声音必须被听到，而不是被压制。
他指出，2023年，电网和可再生能源的投资首次超过了化石燃料的投资，如今，几乎在全球范围内，太阳能和风能已成为最便宜的新增电力来源。
他说，加倍依赖化石燃料是荒谬的。清洁能源革命已经到来。没有任何团体、企业或政府能够阻止它。但你们可以，也必须确保它既公平又足够迅速，以限制全球温度升幅保持在1.5摄氏度以内。
三个重点优先事项
古特雷斯表示，考虑到这一切，发展中国家绝不能空手离开巴库。他呼吁参加第29届联合国气候变化大会的世界领导人将关注重点放在以下三个领域并立即采取行动：
紧急减少排放。每年减少9%的排放，力争到2030年将排放量降至2019年水平的43%。这是限制全球温度上升至1.5摄氏度的最直接路径。
采取更多措施保护人民免受气候危机的摧残。到2030年，适应气候变化的资金需求和实际融资之间的缺口可能达到每年3590亿美元。这些缺失的资金不是账面上的抽象数字：它们代表的是失去的生命、被毁的收成和被剥夺的发展机会。
打破气候融资壁垒，通过达成新的融资目标，显著增加优惠性公共融资；明确表明公共财政将如何调动发展中国家所需的数万亿美元；利用创新资金来源；制定更具可及性、透明性和问责制的框架；并增强多边开发银行的贷款能力，以支持更大规模、更具雄心的项目。
要么“买单”
要么付出更大代价
在谈到气候融资时，古特雷斯强调，世界必须加强资金投入，否则人类将为此付出代价。 他告诉世界领导人，你们和你们的政府必须遵循一个明确的事实：气候融资不是慈善，它是一项投资；气候行动不是可有可无，而是必要。
气候融资
是全球通胀保险
© 联合国图片 ｜ 西蒙·斯蒂尔
《联合国气候变化框架公约》执行秘书斯蒂尔在领导人峰会上强调了许多相同的主题，并警告气候危机正迅速成为一个经济杀手。
他指出，气候变化影响正在侵蚀许多国家高达5%的国内生产总值，这突显出气候危机是一场生活成本危机，因为气候引发的灾难正不断推高家庭和企业的成本。
他表示，气候影响的不断恶化将加剧通胀，除非各国能够采取更加大胆的气候行动。
他敦促各国领导人从疫情中吸取教训，当时由于未能采取足够迅速的集体行动，以至当供应链崩溃时，数十亿人因此遭受损失。
他说，我们不能再犯同样的错误。气候融资是全球通胀的保险。不断上涨的气候成本应成为全社会的头号公敌。
他强调，更大胆的气候行动可以推动全球各地的经济机会和繁荣。廉价、清洁的能源将成为许多经济体的基石。这意味着更多的就业机会、更多的增长、更少的窒息型污染城市、更健康的公民以及更强大的企业。
斯蒂尔说，数十亿人根本承受不起他们的政府在没有全球气候融资目标的情况下离开此次气候大会。
他向各国领导人明确表示，期待在巴库取得一系列强有力的成果。他说，告诉你们的谈判代表不要装腔作势，而是直接找到共同点，汇聚各方立场。
责任编辑：程浩
实习编辑：刘芳 郭佳芯
资料来源：联合国新闻